Essay about Friendship Theme in Gilgamesh - 970 Words

Friendship Theme in Gilgamesh True friendship is egalitarian. Everything is shared, loyalty to the friendship is equal, and the basis of the camaraderie is wholly altruistic. The friendship between the king Gilgamesh and the man of the steppe, Enkidu, was not a true and equal friendship. Loyalties and sacrifices to that friendship were disproportionate. Friendship is conveyed in more than one way in Gilgamesh. The companionship between Enkidu and the animals of the steppe is the first example of friendship. Enkidu lived with the animals, as one of them: He freed them from the traps / The hunters set. / A hunter’s son one day / Saw Enkidu opening a trap: / The creature was all covered with hair / And yet his hands had the†¦show more content†¦/ Gilgamesh was quiet at this interpretation / Of his dream. (p. 19) Ninsun was right, and the friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu was one of great loyalty and trust. The formation of the friendship between Gilgamesh and Enkidu was very abrupt. Upon meeting, they fought fiercely, stopped, and embraced. This pithiness gives an air of ingenuity to the relationship, but that is later shattered by their loyalty to one another in following scenes. And they were friends: / They had embraced and made their vow / To stay together always, / No matter what the obstacle. (p. 27) The most supporting aspect of their companionship was their encouragement to one another. When one of the friends faltered or showed weakness, the other reinforced fearlessness and reminded them of their friendship. No, Enkidu cried; it is the journey / That will take away our life. / Don’t be afraid, said Gilgamesh / We are together. There is nothing / We should fear†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Suddenly it was Gilgamesh who was afraid / Enkidu who reminded him to be fearless. (p. 28, 34) Enkidu’s devotion to Gilgamesh is shown in their battles with both Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven. By partaking in these battles with Gilgamesh, Enkidu is expressing his friendship. The conquests aren’t his idea, and heShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Gilgamesh : Gilgamesh1013 Words   |  5 Pages Gilgamesh in 2015 Even though the epic Gilgamesh is thousands of years old, it is still read today. Why would the era of technology read an epic this old? This is because the themes in Gilgamesh are still relevant. In addition, the themes are experiences that Gilgamesh went through in his life period, and serve as lessons for the current readers. Gilgamesh’s themes include journey, legacy, love, and death. These themes make Gilgamesh a vital reading for the 21st century citizens because peopleRead More Lessons Learned From the Epic of Gilgamesh Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh, a Mesopotamian epic poem with no known author, is the story of the brute King of Uruk, Gilgamesh, who was two-thirds divine and one-third human, which teaches readers the unstoppable force of death, the wrath of the gods, and also the power of friendship, which are illustrated to readers through the characters journeys, and those encountered along the way. The poem, which is divided into t welve tablets, starts off with Gilgamesh being a vicious tyrant, one who â€Å"wouldRead MoreGilgamesh : The Epic Of Gilgamesh1194 Words   |  5 Pages The Epic of Gilgamesh is a Mesopotamian epic poem loosely based on a real king who ruled sometime around 2700 BCE. The standard version of this epic was written in the Akkadian language. In this epic poem, Gilgamesh is King of Uruk, he is one third mortal and two-thirds god; he is described as a strong, arrogant, and unruly king that does not show much consideration for his actions. Gilgamesh is a very egocentric person; he has no respect for the feelings of others and does not care about howRead MoreEpic of Gilgamesh1581 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The epic poem dubbed the Epic of Gilgamesh is perhaps the earliest surviving literature on the face of the planet. The poem came from Mesopotamia in its original cuneiform script comprising 12 tablets. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a chronicle detailing the classic adventures of Gilgamesh, a historic king of Uruk. Over the years, historians have eliminated the 12th tablet for alleged inconsistencies. The poem depicts a wide range of themes such as the inevitability of death, which is portrayedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh 1449 Words   |  6 PagesEpic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh is a bully king who frightens and annoys the people of Uruk. After the gathering with Enkidu and becoming his friend does Gilgamesh transform, into a hero worthy of history. The brotherly or â€Å"bromantic† ( considering the questionable relationship they have) love the two have for each other helps Gilgamesh become an better leader to his people by permitting him to better understand and identify with them. Even though the myth of Gilgamesh is very ancient, friendship and deathRead MoreThe Epic of Gilgamesh1067 Words   |  5 PagesEpic of Gilgamesh is so popular and has lasted such a long time, is because it offers insight into the human concerns of people four thousand years ago, many of which are still relevant today. Some of these human concerns found in the book that are still applicable today include: the fear and concerns people have in relation to death, overwhelming desires to be immortal, and the impact a friendship has on a person’s life. It does not take a great deal of insight into The Epic of Gilgamesh for a personRead MoreThemes Of Immortality And Improbable Brotherhood Of Gilgamesh And Enkidu1250 Words   |  5 PagesThemes of Immortality and Improbable Brotherhood of Gilgamesh and Enkidu â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† takes two very different characters and places them together with numerous battles causing an outcome of brotherhood. Gilgamesh is the fifth king of Uruk an evolving character who is two-thirds god and one-third man. He is a demigod who is known for his hubris and building the walls of Uruk for his peoples protection. Enkidu is the conception of the goddess Aruru made of clay and salvia to tame GilgameshRead MoreThe Epic Of An Epic886 Words   |  4 Pagesoften begins with a prayer or an invocation to the Muse for inspiration in telling the story. The word inspired has different meanings in different cultures. In addition to these mentioned characteristics, most epic poems conventions have common themes. For example, epics are â€Å"in medias res†, In Medias Res is Latin for it begins in the middle of things. Specifically, in Iliad, for example, the tale begins after the war between Greece and the forces of the walled city of Troy has been on goingRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad1546 Words   |  7 PagesThe Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad are two extremely different stories, The Iliad being a tale of war (specifically the Trojan War) while the Epic of Gilgamesh is a true Epic in the sense that it is a journey, all about the development of the characters. While there are many different themes throughout both books, one of the most important themes is the way that friendship develops both of the people involved and the way that it ties into the story overall. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Enkidu and GilgameshRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Lesson962 Words   |  4 Pagesshare have their similarities, maybe even be the same story, unintentionally, of course. Stories like The Epic of Gilgamesh and Toni Cade Bambara’s â€Å"The Lesson†. The Epic of Gilgamesh and â€Å"The Lesson† are mainly about the main character having to deal with a higher authority are either fought or just poin ted out when the character hasn’t realized it. Both stories . The Epic of Gilgamesh is a tale from ancient Mesopotamia, with no known author (however there is an editor who was a Sin-leqi-unninni,

Personal Statement For A Interview Essay - 805 Words

â€Å"How’s everything going with you this evening?† the voter on the other end of the phone asks with friendly interest so genuine it almost catches me off-guard. â€Å"Good!† I answer, eager to share my news, â€Å"I’m excited to complete twenty-four hours of phone banking for Bernie tonight!† â€Å"Wow!† they exclaim. â€Å"Hope you have lots of snacks and coffee!† â€Å"Oh, I meant including what I’ve done since March.† â€Å"Ohhh!† they respond, now understanding. We both laugh. â€Å"Yeah, that’d be intense!† At this point, since March 4th, I have completed twenty-seven hours of phone banking, as well as about two hours of door-to-door canvassing (with more to come at least until the end of the primary season), for presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. I give credit for my initial motivation to my sister Mikaela, whose organizing of expatriates for Bernie in South Korea made me ask myself, â€Å"What’s my excuse? I live here! I should be doing what I can.† Bernie Sanders’ policies and positions have appealed to me since I first started learning about the Senator from Vermont. As a Social Welfare major whose career aspirations include environmental justice advocate and anti-poverty policy-maker, I gravitate toward the person who has shown consistent commitment to the well-being of oppressed people. From domestic policy that protects everyone’s health so Americans don’t have to keep going bankrupt due to medical bills, to a diplomacy-first foreign policy agenda to prevent needless civilian death and displacement,Show MoreRelatedAn Interview With Personal Statement1139 Words   |  5 Pagesemployment, referring source. James Richard is a 16 years old male, white American, single, still in high school, and living in a foster care home. He was referred by school, due to some mental challenges and the sources of information was through an interview with client. II. CHIEF COMPLAINT: In patient s words, why did patient come to treatment? I don’t even know why am sent here, am no longer staying with my grandmother and I told the lady that I will control my anger issue. So you feel the angerRead MorePersonal Statement : Birth Interview1046 Words   |  5 PagesRamirez Rosalinda Birth Interview I have three children two boys and one girl, but when I got pregnant of my third baby I did not planed to have another baby. I was using calendar method because the pills method had side effect in my body; so I decided to use the calendar method, but just worked for three years the calendar method because I got pregnant. I was in shock because I did not want to have another baby. I remember when I went to the doctor and he told me that I was pregnant I started cryRead MoreMy Personal Statement On My Interview Essay2019 Words   |  9 Pagesperson I used to conduct my interview was my step mom, Chris Howell. We are very close to one another, and she has been with my dad since I was 4. I would consider her my mom not my â€Å"step mom.† Since she lives 4 hours away, I was unable to meet with her in person for the interview so a phone call was necessary. She’s a very outgoing person, who is great at making conversation and telling stories. Even though it would have been more ideal to meet in person to conduct the interview, the phone call stillRead MorePersonal Statement : Nikes And Job Information, Recruiting Strategies, Interviews, Orientation Programs And Performance Management2471 Words   |  10 Pagesresearch. I chose to do Nike because it has always been a place I’ve dreamed of working at. In this project I will discuss and critique things such company and job information, recruiting strategies, interviews, orientation programs and performance management. Mission Statement Nikes mission statement is, â€Å"To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world.’’ â€Å"NIKE Brand product offerings in eight key categories: Running, Basketball, Football (Soccer), Men’s Training, Women’s TrainingRead MoreMy Personal Statement For A Interview With Juhi From India, India And Nico From The Philippines1696 Words   |  7 Pages I was fortunate to sit down and interview with Juhi from Gujarat, India and Nico from the Philippines. Both interviews were in person and recorded on separate days. I took notes as they answered my questions and made sure they were comfortable with answering the questions I asked before we conducted the interview. Before I asked about the opinions they have on their culture, I asked about their culture’s values, food, language, and traditions to get a better understanding of their culture. FollowingRead MoreThe Impact Of Service Learning On Residency Interviews1547 Words   |  7 Pages Impact of Service Learning on Residency Interviews ABSTRACT PURPOSE When applying for residency, students must distinguish themselves from other applicants. A narrative based on service learning experiences, with its implication of commitment to service, has become an â€Å"emerging gold standard† in residency personal statements. The aim of the study is to investigate how a narrative focused on the benefits of service learning in residency personal statements influence the resident selection processRead MoreRn Lifereview Interview1252 Words   |  6 Pageswill reflect on your interview with the older adult, introduce the individual to the reader, and respond to guiding questions to prepare an analysis paper. DO NOT INTERVIEW A FAMILY MEMBER UNLESS YOU OBTAIN COACH’S WRITTEN APPROVAL PRIOR TO INTERVIEW Your paper should include the following sections: 1. Introduction of Older Adult – This is the overall context of your interview but should not include the entire interview itself. 2. Analysis of the Life Review Interview – This includes descriptionRead MoreThe Book They Don t Teach Corporate College By Alexandra Levi Shares881 Words   |  4 PagesI am always interested in how to improve my professional skills such as resume, interview and time management. The book â€Å"They Don’t Teach Corporate in College† by Alexandra Levi shares the strategies and suggestions for college students that how to better prepare for the real business world, decrease obstacles in the future and achieve success in the career. Nowadays, the company not just care about grade point average, but also they want to see more about the candidate’s professional developmentRead MoreThe Bush Care As The Worst Thing858 Words   |  4 PagesOn Fox News Sunday, host Chris Wallace interviewed Presidential Candidate Ben Carson. In this interview, he questioned Carson on whether or not he believes everything that he says. Wallace also questioned Dr. Carson on his recent comparison of the United States to Nazi Germany, and his description of the Obama Care as the worst thing in America since slavery. Ben was also questioned on whether or not the President should observe a decision made by the Supreme Court. In response, Ben stated thatRead MoreCultural Interview Is An Indispensable Element Of One s Professional Success Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesbrokering. Subsequently, the analysis of the answers given during the cultural interview would be particularly helpful in terms of understanding the interrelations between the received information and the theories/concepts discussed in class. In addition, the received data may also serve as a practical illustration of the differences between the Personal and Group identities. Finally, the interview has largely changed my personal perspective and understanding concerning the work with the clients representing

Commercialization of the Navajo Sand Painting Practice Free Essays

For the West, art has traditionally been considered as the mark of civilization, in so far as humanity is able to capture and render the essence of beauty and preserve this through their â€Å"artwork.† ( Gilbert, 1982; Errington, 1994; Witherspoon, 1977)   Indeed, art may even be a purely Western construct â€Å"since textiles and jewellery, clothing and cosmetics (to mention only a few of the contexts where aesthetic choices operate) are not usually considered by us to be Art with a capital ‘A’.† (Gilbert, 1982: 168) The understanding and appreciation of non-Western â€Å"art† has therefore been problematic for many scholars, given that branding such cultural products and practices as such carries with it the enthnocentric connotations of the Western definition which usually defines â€Å"art† based on the value system of Western culture (Gilbert, 1982: 167-168; Errington, 1994: 203; Clifford, 1988:221) that, as Robbins (2005) points out, has become more and more concerned with the accumulation of material wealth and the derivation of fulfillment from the consumption of products (Robbins 2005:20) and where the perception of beauty is lamentably static. We will write a custom essay sample on Commercialization of the Navajo Sand Painting Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Witherspoon, 1977:152) Critics have likewise noted that â€Å"art† in the West has often connoted being â€Å"art by intention,† which are produced and valued to be perceived for their beauty and for the monetary value that they carried.(Errington, 1994: 201) This is distinguished from what is considered as â€Å"art by appropriation† or the things that were produced for purposes other than art but are appraised to be of high value with antiquity or the possession of an indigenous or unique identity, thereby alienating them from the culture that produced them. Witherspoon (1977), for instance, emphasizes the importance of defining indigenous behavior, institutions, and practices within the context of their culture or at the very least, â€Å"against the backdrop of their view of the world or their ideological frame of reference.† (Witherspoon 1977:4) This includes confronting the fact that these cultures often evolve or even change with their exposure to other cultures and vice versa. The dilemma over the treatment and definition of non-Western art is illustrated, for instance, in efforts to preserve Navajo sand paintings so they could be sold and collected (Errington, 1994: 203). The sand paintings which were originally used in Navajo religious rites and healing ceremonies have been described as â€Å"true masterpieces of art† for their â€Å"instinctive awareness of the basic principles of design, colour harmonies, and contrasts.† (Foster, 1963:43) Ironically, the sand paintings were created by the Navajo not for art’s sake but as an integral part of religious healing ceremonies to locate and reestablish of an individual in his or her right place in the the universe and thus cure his or her illness. These paintings often utilized colored sand, cornmeal, and other bits of material to depict the Navajo’s vision of the cosmos and to symbolize their socio-economic life and other cultural elements.(Robbins, 2005: 14; Foster, 1963: 43) Foster (1963) notes that the Navajo was able to make over a thousand designs from symbols and patterns that were unique to them, and how, after the sand painting had been painstakingly drawn, the shamans would proceed to rub parts of the design on the individual who was to be cured while praying through chants. For the Navajo people, the sand paintings were indeed relevant not only as a religious tool but also as a source of magic. Horrified by the fact that these intricate sand paintings were often destroyed by being sat on or rubbed off during the healing process and thrown out afterwards, â€Å"concerned† individuals found ways to keep these intact using glue and other materials. (Errington, 1994: 203) This concern to preserve the end product of a cultural practice for its artistic or aesthetic value, however, contrasts sharply with the Navajo’s concept of beauty that lies more in the creative process that is inextricably linked with their way of life itself. Thus, beauty for the Navajo lies not in the sand painting that has served its purpose in curing a community member’s illness but in the entire religious ceremony where the sand painting is but a small component. The careless tendency to preserve or collect â€Å"art† from other cultures therefore engenders the superimposition of   another culture’s value systems and assumptions of meaning on the cultural practices or even the products of cultural practices (Errington, 1994: 205). This is especially true in the case of the sand paintings, where the preservation enabled them to become â€Å" durable and portable, able to be moved to new locations, and hung on the walls as â€Å"art†Ã¢â‚¬  (Errington, 1994:205). With this transformation from a religious and highly significant part of Navajo tradition to a home or museum artifact, the Navajo sand painting tend to lose its significance as it became divorced from the culture that produced it. Thus, the Navajo sand painting seem to have lost its meaning as it became more and more commercialized. Approriated as art, the practice became insignificant insofar as the culture and the community that practiced it disintegrated, devoiding sand painting of its ritual meaning and significance. Works Cited: Clifford, J. (1988). The Predicament of Culture. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Errington, S. (1994). What became authentic primitive art? Cultural Anthropology, 9(2). Foster, K. (1963). Navajo sand paintings. Man, 63. Gilbert, M. (1982). Art: the primitive view. The British Journal of Aesthetics, 22(2). Robbins, R. H. (2005). Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism. Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Witherspoon, G. (1977). Language and Art in the Navajo Universe. Michigan: University of Michigan Press.                                        How to cite Commercialization of the Navajo Sand Painting Practice, Essay examples

Rubin Hurricane Cater free essay sample

People say Rubin â€Å"Hurricane† Carter was guilty of a triple homicide, but 16 year old Lesra Martin changed Rubin’s life forever. In 1966, in Paterson, New Jersey, Rubin â€Å"Hurricane† Carter was arrested for a triple homicide that he may or may not have committed. Lesra Martin a 16 year old boy from Bushwick, New York was living with his Canadian family in Toronto Ontario, Canada when Lesra read Rubin Carter’s story, and believed Rubin to be an innocent man. Lesra Martin was inspired by Rubin Carter’s story, he wrote Rubin a letter saying how much it inspired him and also explained his story, even went to visit Rubin in jail. Lesra and his Canadian family found new evidence that can prove that Rubin â€Å"Hurricane† Carter is an innocent man. Lesra and the Canadians tried to get Rubin a trial date to present the new evidence, but each time was denied. Finally Rubin Carter was put to trial, but the judge refused to look at the new evidence after 20 years, but then Rubin’s lawyer made a very good case on why the judge should look at the new evidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Rubin Hurricane Cater or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They all believed, after looking at the new evidence, that Rubin â€Å"Hurricane† Carter an African American man was arrested on the account of racism. Rubin Carter was then found not guilty of the triple homicide in 1966 and was then released in 1999. Rubin Hurricane cater has been innocent ever since he was arrested and convicted of murder. Rubin hurricane carter is a lucky man thanks to Lesra martin, a 16 year old boy from the ghetto streets of Bushwick, New York and his Canadian Family, from Toronto Ontario Canada, they found Rubin Carter an innocent man.

Nursing Theory free essay sample

Nursing Theory: Explanation and Relevance to Nursing Practices Katherine Lott Azusa Pacific University Theoretical Foundations for Nursing UNRS 306 Professor Cone May 20, 2009 Merriam Webster defines the word theory as a belief, policy, or procedure proposed or followed as the basis of action. There are various categories of theories accepted and practiced throughout the world and throughout professional practices today. One example of a type of theory is a nursing theory. However, some might not be fully aware of what a nursing theory entails, examples of such, and the relevance of nursing theories. This paper will explain these matters. What is a nursing theory? A nursing theory is an expression that has arose from a philosophical perspective that explains some phenomena. Overall, it is used to describe the accumulation of knowledge that is used to support nursing practice. It incorporates experiments and research to define nursing and nursing practice; furthermore, it gives reason to the accepted principles that form the basis for practice, and goals and functions of nursing (Wesley, 1995). We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In essence, a nursing theory enables understanding of what, how, and why nurses continue to practice. What is the origin of a nursing theory? Her book titled From Novice to Expert explains Benners view that caring is a necessary component in the theory of skill acquisition. She describes nursing as an enabling condition of connection and concern (Marriner-Tomey, 1989, p. 192) which implies a high level of emotional involvement in the nurse-patient relationship (Benner, 1984). Benner speaks of the power of caring and describes the caring role as involving the concepts of transformative power, integrative caring, advocacy, healing power, participative/affirmative power, and problem solving (Benner, 1984). She takes a stand in her belief that that nursing care is more than the application of mere skill; it is relational and involves the nurses response as a human being, first, and then secondarily, in the nursing role (Benner, 1984). Altogether, Benner was able to develop a nursing theory that involved the holistic care for the patient through an in-depth nurse-client relationship. Through this relationship the needs of the patient are able to be identified and prioritized to provide the best nursing care for that individual. This paper was able to describe what a nursing theory entails and its origin, examples of such, and the relevance of nursing theories. Overall, a nursing theory explains the knowledge that is used to support the nursing practice and there have been nurses throughout history with their own personal views of what nursing meant to them and how they were going to focus their practice. However, no matter what each theory entailed, every theory was able to conceptualize in useful ways and ideas that help make sense of what they do as nurses. Reference Benner, Patricia. (1984). Nursing Theory free essay sample Motivation theories includeAchievement-motivation theory Expectancy theory Equity theory Motivation theories are derived predominantly from the work of:Abraham Maslow (a psychologist) Achievement-motivation theory developed by: Focus: Atkinson, McClelland, and Veroff Aspects of personality characteristics and proposes 3 forms of motivation/needs in work situations (achievement, power, affiliation) Individuals are not as concerned with the rewards of achievement as they are with the actual achievement are:Achievement (high need achievement) Expectancy theory Major concept In 1964 –Vroom decided to add the concept of expectancy, instrumentality valence to motivation Expectancy is defined as Instrumentality describes Valance is In Short, the Expectancy Theory states thatDeveloped by Victor Vroom in 1960s The effect of ability and motivation on performance Performance = ability X motivation Performance = expectancy x instrumentality x valence The association between the action and the outcome of the action (action will lead to achieve goal) The type of outcome derived b/c of an action (achievement of a goal will lead to reward) The value placed on the desirability of the outcome by the employee An individual will act (performance) in a certain manner b/c there is an expectation (motivation) that the act will result in an outcome. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Equity theory Developed by: This theory attempts to describe: Stacy Adams-a research psychologist The relationship in which an individual give something (input) and in exchange receives something (outcome) Ex: an individual expects that if he/she works hard at a job (input), he/she will receive compensation or recognition (outcome) based on what he/she put in Concepts of power, empowerment, and change Power is The larger concept from which authority is derived Power is defined asInfluence wielded (used) by an individual or group of individuals to change behaviors attitudes and to sway decisions Authority isA formal right based on the manager’s position in the organization. A source of legitimate power 5 bases/sources of powerReward, coercive, legitimate, referent, and expert power Coercive, reward, legitimate power – are considered formal bases of power Referent expert power – are personal bases of power Two other bases of power Informational power vs. charismatic powerInformational power – is the power held by an individual who has the information necessary for others to accomplish a task or goal Charismatic power – is the power that attracts one individual to another Empowerment isThe transfer or delegation of responsibility authority from managers to employees; empowerment is the sharing of power (sharing vision, mission, knowledge, expertise†¦) Change Planned Change Theory Central to Lewin theory A field – Force – have 2 forces (driving force vs. restraining forces) By Kurt Lewin (a German psychologist –if u care!!! ) The concepts of field and force Can be viewed as a system (if one part of the system change, then the whole system must be examined to determine the effect of that change) Driving force – encourages/facilitates movement to a new direction, goal, or outcome Restraining force – (opposite with driving force). Restraining forces block or impede progress toward the goal. Problem-Solving and decision-making processes The Rational Decision-Making ModelInvolves a cognitive process where each step follows in a logical order from the one before. By cognitive, It means -based on thinking through and weighing up the alternatives to come up with the best potential result. Bounded rational decision-making model (Bounded rationality) Means that humans are unable to make entirely rational decision b/c of the limits of human mental abilities and b/c of the influence of external force on decision making. A decision maker is said to exhibit bounded rationality when they consider fewer options than are actually available, or when they choose an option that is not the best overall but is best within the current circumstances. E. g. , someone spills coffee on a shirt in a restaurant, and goes next door and buys a poorly fitting shirt to change into immediately. Obviously it would be optimal to buy a proper fitting shirt. But if the person is in a hurry and cannot wear a wet, coffee stained shirt, then buying the poorly fitting one is appropriate. This is an example of bounded rationality Group Decision Making modelOften used when the decision is complex, such as when a new process or product is being developed. Advantage: the decision made may be higher quality Major errors may be avoided Disadvantage: Take longer to reach decision May lead to compromises that really do not solve the problem Organizational Quantitative Decision-Making Techniques Rely on facts quantitative measures (data based) to make decisions (although intuition judgment still influence the decision making process) Conflict Management Characteristics of a conflict situation: Conflict Mode Model 2 types of response: cooperativeness vs assertiveness Thomas Kilmann (1974) – 5 conflict-handling modes/strategies: Thomas (1976) recommended that the FIRST COURSE of action is to discern (recognize) the other party’s intent in causing the conflict before determining how to respond Cooperativeness – focus on statisfying the other person’s concern Assertiveness – focus on statisfying one’s own concern 1. Competing or forcing – used when the issue is important, needs speedy resolution . Ex. An individual pursues his own concerns at the other persons expense. This is a power-oriented mode in which you use whatever power seems appropriate to win your own position. (Assertive but uncooperative) 2. Accomodation – opposite of competing. When accomodating – the individual neglects his own concerns to stisfy the concerns (assertive and cooperative) 3. Avoidance the person neither pursues his own concerns nor those of the other individual.

Rocky Marciano essays

Rocky Marciano essays Rocky Marciano was born on September 1, 1923 in Brockton,Massachusetts to Mr. and Mrs. Pierino Marchegiano. Rocky would live a pretty normal life until 18 months of age , when he would contract pneumonian. Pneumonia was an infection which would nearly kill Rocky , but through his strong constitution he would be able to suvive without impairment. Even at a young age Rocky would have exceptional physical strength as he would grow up on his mom's Italian cooking. Rocky also developed his physical strength at a young age through living across the street from the James Edgar Playground , where he began the habit of exercising to his limit. Rocky would further develop his boxing skills through punching a stuffed mail sack that hung off of an oak tree in his backyard. Through Rocky growing up in a working class, multiethnic enviroment in NewYork he would be involved in many altercations that would help him develop into one of the greatest boxers. At age 14 however Rocky's notriety as a base ball slugger would overtake his reputation as a slugger with his fists. The legend of his athletic powers would begin at age 15 as he would blast homeruns as a clean up hitter for the American Legion Team . At age 15 Rocky would enter Brockton Highschooland he would take up football. In the fall of his sophmore year Rocky would win the position of center on the varsity football team. One of Rocky's most memorable moments had occured on the football field as well when he intercepted a pass and went 60 yardsfor a touchdown against archrival New Bedford. The following spring of his sophmore year Rocky would become the first string catcher on the BHS varsity baseball team. Rocky had threw rocket like throws and was one of New York's best catchers until he threw his arm out. Rocky then would be moved to right field and due to him being slow he would only be a pitch hitter. This would cause Rocky to join in another league , and since this prohibitted the school'...

Brazilian Economics Essay Research Paper Executive Summary

Brazilian Economics Essay, Research Paper Executive Summary Brazil is a big state with a big population. The natural resources that Brazil possesses are some of the richest in the universe. From minerals to timber to manpower, Brazil has all the natural stuffs to be an economic human dynamo. However, Brazil is being held back from doing great industrial paces. The job for Brazil lies in its inability to travel its supplies and merchandises. The roads, although better than they have of all time been, are non up to par with other industrial states. Until Brazil becomes more efficient they will non go an industrial giant. The economic crisis that has hit Brazil threatens to destruct all the advancement that has been made in the last decennary. Its high rate of rising prices must be brought under control for foreign investors to recover assurance. There is much promise in Brazil but its inefficiencies and current economic jobs must be overcome for Brazil to take its topographic point among the industrial giants. Introduction The Republic of Brazil is one of the largest states in the universe. Its population of more than one hundred sixty million topographic points it fifth among universe population centres. Its wealth of natural resources and easiness of entry makes it a valued trading spouse and an chance for new market growing. Population Brazil is one of the most thickly settled states in the universe. With a population of more than one hundred 60 million people it ranks 5th among universe population centres. The population growing rate of Brazil is keeping steady around 1.2 per centum. The birth rate is 20.4 births/1,000 population, this translates into about three million two hundred and 64 thousand unrecorded births each twelvemonth. Thirty per centum of Brazil s population is under 15 old ages of age and 65 per centum of the population is between 15 and 64 old ages old. Merely five per centum of the population is over 65 old ages of age. The ratio of work forces to adult females is.98 , which is about the same as the planetary ratio. One characteristic that has ever been present in Brazilian society is migration from one portion of the state to another. During the late twentieth century the western portion of the state has had the highest net inflow of population. The Southeast has besides received big Numberss of migrators, but these have been really unevenly distributed. The most rural southeasterly provinces have had steady decreases of their population through migration. There are three basic racial beginnings for Brazilian people. To the original dwellers ( Indians ) were added consecutive moving ridges of Europeans ( largely Portuguese ) and slaves ( largely Africans ) . The integrating between the Europeans and the Indians began shortly after colonisation ; it was non until the 1600 s that this procedure besides grew to include the freshly arrived Africans. A mixture of these three beginnings makes up the bulk of the Brazilian population. This is non to st ate that there are no other mixes in Brazil. Recently many people of Asiatic decent ( chiefly Japanese ) have begun to immigrate to Brazil. Members of all nationalities and races immigrate to Brazil every twenty-four hours in hunt of better things. Economic statistics and activity The GDP for Brazil is around one trillion dollars. This breaks down into the mean Brazilian holding about $ 6,300 of buying para. This figure is non bad, but it is non every bit high as the more industrialised states. This figure is expected to turn, but the economic crisis that has seized Brazil will most probably decelerate this growing. The growing rate is 2.9 % which shows that Brazilian industry is turning, merely non at an explosive rate. Brazil has an copiousness of natural resources, which, with suited direction, could go on to be good for coevalss to come. Improved transit has made more of these resources accessible either for export of for usage by Brazil s increasing industries and turning popul ation. Brazil is known to incorporate highly rich mineral sedimentations, this includes huge Fe ore militias. Brazil s industries absorb most of its other mineral production. This includes chrome, Mg, vitreous silica, Cu, lead, asbestos, and nickel. Brazil is a major gold and diamond manufacturer, but measures fluctuate widely from twelvemonth to twelvemonth and topographic point to topographic point as sedimentations are located and exhausted. Brazil is besides the largest universe provider of semiprecious rocks. These rocks include topazes, amethysts, opals, aquamarines, tourmalines, emeralds and others. Brazil has oil and natural gas militias, which became significant with the development of offshore Fieldss. The mineral militias are under changeless geographic expedition by authorities and private beginnings. Brazil is besides rich in biological resources. About two-thirds of the state is under wood, supplying about one-seventh of the universe s entire forest country. Hardwoods predominate in the Amazon and Atlantic coastal zone. Exploitation of the Amazon rain forest, nevertheless, has been hampered by the insufficiency of conveyance installations. Arable land is non abundant, sing the size of the state. With a coastline of more than 4,600 stat mis and legion well-stocked rivers, Brazil has entree to significant fishing evidences. This resource, nevertheless, is developing and productiveness is low. For a state every bit big as Brazil, development of an efficient agencies of transit has been a affair of critical importance. Throughout much of its history the state s different parts remained stray from each other, but this changed dramatically after World War II, foremost with the growing of air conveyance and, two decennaries subsequently, with the extension of a modern route web. Most rider and cargo traffic moves over the main roads, with coastal and inland transporting the following largest manner of transit. Brazil, like most states has four major man ners of transit. These manners include railroads, main roads, waterways, and airdromes. Except for commuter lines in the major metropoliss, railwaies are merely of minor importance in Brazil s transit web, Brazil has merely 27,000 kilometers of rail. Few new railroads of any significance have been built since World War II, when Rio de Janeiro was linked by rail to Salvador because German pigboats were taking a heavy toll on transporting. Most of Brazil s path day of the months from the nineteenth century, when the economic system was based on exports of natural stuffs. Brazil has improved its main road system greatly since the terminal of World War II. During the rainy season surface communications could be interrupted along the major regional links for hebdomads at a clip, marooning automobilists in countries with limited lodging and nutrient supplies. The building of Brasilia, the capital of Brazil in 1964, for which many bulky stuffs had to be airlifted in during the rainy season , alerted the state to the hapless province of its roads. When the armed forces assumed power in 1964, the upgrading of the route system became a primary aim. As a consequence, an first-class system of paved roads now connects all the major points in Brazil, including several links northerly into the Amazon part. Brazil has about two million kilometer of roads, of this one hundred 80 1000 stat mis are paved. Brazilian coastal transportation was, for many old ages, in no better status than its railroads. Like the railroads, the transportation industry was confined to transporting low-value majority goods that could digest long holds and non infrequent losingss. After the federal authorities launched a ship building plan in the 1960 s, nevertheless, the tunnage of ladings increased markedly, and more significantly a larger per centum of higher valued goods was carried. The more important ocean ports in Brazil are located in Rio de Janeiro, Paranagua, and Recife. The extended Brazilian river system has a entire river navigability of about 27,000 stat mis. Within the Amazon Basin navigable waterways are the rule means of transit in northern Brazil, widening into the Spanish speech production states to the West. The two rule Amazonian ports are connected by a modern, if at times fickle, steamer service are Belem, at the oral cavity of the river, and Manaus, some 1,000 stat mis inland. These and lesser ports are of import as trade centres for the broad assortment of trade that sail the Waterss of the chief rivers and some 1,000 feeders. As with most states, air passages are highly of import to the Brazilian economic system. Brazil has over two thousand five 100 airdromes, of this one thousand five 100s have paved tracks. Every capital and of import metropolis in Brazil has a major airdrome, and most of the smaller metropoliss are serviced by jet aircraft. Few locations are without a least a soil set downing strip. Most of the major metropoliss are besides linked by a shuttle service. However, overall flight frequences and the size of terminuss are at a much smaller graduated table than at comparable centers in west Europe or North America. This is due to the relatively high cost of fare and competition from inexpensive intercity bus services. Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo handle most of the international air traffic. Numerous airlines flourished in Brazil at one time or another, but they have been consolidated into three major ones that compete nationwide. Brazil has three major communication systems; telephones, radios, and television. There are over seventeen million telephones in Brazil. The Brazilian telephone system is fairly efficient as long as one remains close to a city. As the distance from a city increases, the number of phones and the reliability of service tends to drop. As one might expect there are no conventional phone lines in the deep Amazonian jungle. Radio broadcast stations are very important in Brazil. Brazilians own seventy-five million radios, and use them to listen to almost one thousand five hundred AM radio stations. Radios are cheaper than television sets so more Brazilians can afford them. Television is a major industry in Brazil. One hundred twenty stations can be found on Brazilian TV. This makes Brazil the fourth largest television broadcasting system in the world, reaching an estimated forty million Brazilians who own televisions. Foreign companies have been investing in Brazil for years. Because of its large population and plentiful natural resources, Brazil is very attractive to companies looking to expand into new markets. Large companies form Coca-Cola and Pepsi to Wal-Mart and Kentucky Fried Chicken have invested millions of dollars in order to gain a foothold in Brazil. One reason for the large number of companies with interests in Brazil is ease of entry. There are few barriers to entry in Brazil and the government encourages foreign investment. With Brazil s increasing population it can expect the foreign influx to continue for many years to come. Brazil exports about fifty billion dollars worth of products every y ear. The largest importer of Brazilian goods is the European Union (26%), followed by the United States (23%), Latin America (22%), and Argentina (11%). Brazil is the world s leading exporter of coffee, which is its most important single export. Most Americans think of Columbia as being the biggest producer of coffee, but Brazil produces almost twice as much as Columbia. Brazil is also a prominent producer of minerals. Brazil is one of the largest producers of iron ore in the world, and thanks to new mining techniques and technology this trend is expected to continue. Brazil also exports soybeans, tropical fruits, footwear, and sugarcane. Brazil is also the world leader in the production of semiprecious stones, gold and diamonds. Brazil imports about fifty-five billion dollars worth of goods every year. Crude oil is one of the major imports that Brazil receives regularly. In order to lessen its dependence on gasoline, the Brazilian government decided to run the country s vehicles on something a little less pricey, sugar. The government planned to replace gasoline with ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Processing the sugarcane in modern plants became the most successful such program in the world. For a number of years, virtually all new automobiles in Brazil have been engineered to run on this fuel. Brazil also imports other products that it is lacking at home. These products include capital goods for industry, chemical products, foodstuffs, and coal. Brazil has had a trade deficit for almost its entire history. There are many reasons for this but the main reason is a lack of ability to get to its resources. Brazil is a country with huge amounts of natural resources, but they are hard to get to. New roads and shipping channels have helped open up some more of Brazil s resources, but more must be done if Brazil ever expects to have a trade surplus. One thing that has been beneficial to Brazil is the influx of new business from outside the country that helps Brazil s abil ity to export more products. Unfortunately for Brazil its economy has recently taken a downturn. The inflation has gone through the roof and there has been a leveling off of foreign investment. The World Bank and the United States recently formulated a bailout plan for Brazil. This bailout included loans and other economic aid. The reason for the bailout lies in the belief that South America goes as Brazil goes; if Brazil encounters a recession than so will the rest of South America. A South American economic crisis combine with the one that has hit Asia would mean an almost certain worldwide recession. Brazil s labor force is a relatively strong one. Sixty-one million people are included in Brazil s work force, and this number is increasing every year. Forty-two percent of the work force is employed in services, while thirty-one percent work in agriculture, and twenty-seven percent work in industrial occupations. The unemployment rate is not large, but it is growing. Six percent of the Brazilian population is unemployed and the number is increasing with the recent economic crisis. Developments in science and technology With the help of foreign investors, Brazil is quickly increasing its technological capabilities. With the influx of new businesses from other countries, better technology became essential. These companies came into Brazil and trained their new Brazilian employees in the use of state of the art equipment. Advances were also made in the mining and extraction fields which were put to good use in Brazil. These advances will make it possible for Brazil to get back on its feet and compete in the global marketplace once the inflation is curtailed. Another reason for the growth of Brazilian technology is the educational system. More and more students are learning to use computers and at a younger age. There can only be benefits for Brazil in the long run if this trend continues. Channels of Distribution Brazil s businesses work in much the same way as they do in the United States. The retailers come in all shapes and sizes, from small family stores to multinational chains like Wal-Mart. Items are mainly purchased through cash transactions but buying through credit is also done. There seems to be less of a reliance on credit cards than the United States. The penetration of urban centers is high for the simple reason that there are more people able to buy products in urban areas. In rural areas it is more likely to see a small family store than a large outlet because there are simply not enough people to support a larger store. Media Brazil is a large country with a large population and therefore has many sources of media available to the public. Television, radio, and print media are all found in Brazil. Brazil s major newspapers are published in the cities of Sao Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro, but numerous others are published in the smaller cities and towns. There are also a number of weekly magazines that cover subjects from news t o hobbies. Press and broadcasting are intimately linked in Brazil, including television s TV Manchete and the TV Globo, which, with Radio Globo, is the largest and most influential of the county s broadcasting media. There are also several lesser networks in radio and television as well as a large number of regional and local stations. An educational channel broadcasts to a limited number of cities. Common television fare includes the tremendously popular prime-time novelas (soap operas), sporting events, news, special reports, foreign movies dubbed into Portuguese, and children s programming. In many ways television, in conjunction with massive urban migration, has furthered the homogenization of Brazilian culture and the modification of regional differences. When the Brazilian government as run by its military many of the stations were owned by the state. This is not the case today. Today television and radio stations operate in much the same manner as they do in the United States . Commercials are paid for by companies wishing to advertise in a form of media and are played. The only noticeable difference would be the amount of nudity on regular stations at all hours of the day. Bibliography Britanica Online. Brazil: Physical and Human Geography. http://www.eb.com:180/cgi-bin/g?DocF=macro/5000/84/24.html October 29, 1998. Brazilian Embassy, London. Brazil in Brief. http://www.brazil.org.uk. Oct 19, 1998. Brazilian Embassy, Washington DC. The Brazilian People. http://brasil.emb.nw.dc.us/bzpeople.htm. October 24, 1998. CIA Factbook. Brazil. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/br.html October 29,1998. Eletronic Library. Brazil. http://www.encyclopedia.com, October19, 1998. Republica Federativa de Brasil. The Wonders of Brazil. http://psg.com/walter/brasil.htm. October 24, 1998. [Home] [Brazil] [Economic Paper] [cultural paper] [marketing]

Initiating Change in the Manufacturing and Distribution Division of Case Study

Initiating Change in the Manufacturing and Distribution Division of PolyProd on page 241-246 in the Cummings & Worley tex - Case Study Example PolyProd is an epitome of failing to upgrade existing information management practices. The Manufacturing and Distribution Division (M & D Div) is in dire need for change initiation. There is a serious gap between the actual thing the company ought to do and what it really does. The M & D Div is riddled with strong opposition to large-scale or externally initiated change. The organization’s headquarter s is characterized by conservatism and unwillingness to change. It is also still wobbling from swift growth that has caused its transformation into universal business center. Lastly, the headquarters suffers from cultural discontinuity. There is extremely high cost of connection between the headquarters and subsidiaries (Cummings & Worley, 2009). The causes of M & D Div’s documentation problems are numerous and intertwined. The top management tried to upgrade documentation quality in the past. The implementation of the change was incomplete leading to the collapse after some early triumph. This happened because the organization’s climate never supported the change. The project social and technical features were not adequately incorporated (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Poor coordination between headquarters and local sites contributed to insufficient organizational climate change. Documentation was also deficient of trained and experienced staff (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Organizational structure and culture played huge role in change implementation failure. The case study is crucial in understanding the complexity of implementing change in large organizations, especially technology-oriented

Globalization inevitably leads to a homogenous 'world' culture and the Essay

Globalization inevitably leads to a homogenous 'world' culture and the erasure of local richness. Discuss using a variety of examples from your research into cu - Essay Example external manifestations of globalization which have been the focus of criticism are (a) cultural imperialism (b) Americanization and (c) McDonaldization. This may be noted specifically in the European countries where the cultural and linguistic diversity of this small geographical area is increasingly being made vulnerable to the dominant influence of American culture and values. Critics of globalization argue that it leads to a homogenization or hybridization of cultures, so that the rich diversity of local culture and traditions may be irretrievably lost. (Nederveen Pieterse 1995; Robertson 1995). The end of the Cold War, symbolized by the disintegration of the Soviet Union has resulted in the emergence of a new global era (Meyer et al 1997, p 174) where the competition between the former super powers is being replaced by a consumer driven social, political and economic scenario. (Freidman, 2000). The bureaucratic, tightly controlled economies of the Cold War era have yielded to free trade. The Berlin wall came down and so did the trade barriers between countries, opening up the doors to technological advancement and an age of communication where the Internet has revolutionized the availability of information, creating a knowledge based economy.(Thurow 2000, p 116). Information is the new mantra that spells success in the modern world .(Shapiro and Varian, 1999). Intellectual capital is important and the use of business worldwide webs spells power. (Lynn 2000; Bernhut 2001). The Internet has been described as â€Å"a decentralized, global medium of communication comprising a global web of linked networks and computers.† (Thurow, 2000, p 116). It enables instant communication across geographical boundaries and thereby has fostered the growth of an era of capitalism and consumerism, where the focus has shifted to economic interests, with political, social and cultural aspects being subordinated to the dominant capitalist trend. This has produced the phenomenon

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management Essay Example for Free

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management Essay The arrangement of health care system has reciprocated in regard to provide quality and modest care. The treatment of healthcare facilities have changeover at different levels in speciality care and acute illnesses to defensive health plan. The changes have seized effective direct approaches and delivery care. With the effort to balance the demands of patient needs in health care, many considerations are made including adjustments with budgets, decreasing excessive costs, and practicing effective means of delivery care. Nurses are challenged to keep up to a work environment that requires continual changes. The nursing industry today faces shortage, as many nurses have low job satisfaction, high compassion fatigue, and the patient ratios levels associate immense acuity. Furthermore, these factors have resulted in patient satisfaction and medical reimbursements. Notwithstanding all the identified issues and its effects, few nursing facilities are growing to next level to identify and promote nursing skills by setting framework to endeavour to gain Magnet status. This paper will focus in comparing and contrasting the expectations of the nursing managers and leaders approaches that may use in regard to magnet status. Magnet status is best defined by Miriam Hospital as ‘ a designation that is rewarded to hospitals for the concept of Magnet Culture; it is a working environment which enables nurses to practice and focus on skilful nursing, involving bedside decision making, nursing development and involvement, competent education, and promote nursing leadership skills (Miriam Hospital, n. d. ) The birth of magnet status undertook in beginning of 1980’s when some hospitals were practicing new retaining ideas for nursing staff with motivation for patient care. Therefore, this concept was developed after few researches and finally it was made official through an article named: â€Å"Magnet Hospitals: Attraction and Retention of Professional Nurses,† written and published in 1983 by Dr. McClure president of the American Academy of Nursing (AAN), professor at New York University, and a member of the original task force (Hawke, 2004). Statistics prove that Magnet hospitals have superlative patient satisfaction scores, protected patient environments, minority of repeat admissions, and improved patient outcome. It is vital that various pre-requisites and qualifications must be met and maintained to execute the concept of Magnet status. The nursing leadership  and management work in synchronization with their defined roles to achieve the goals of completing the tasks by establishing nursing staff participation needed to achieve skilful nursing. In order to receive accurate results, it is essential to define roles and target essential outcomes. According to Huber (2010), the aspect of management is to cater the resources that are required to achieve the target goal of organisation. A manager is expected to plan, organise and implement strategies from an organizing high level to enable the outline of requirements to meet the goal. The manager is responsible to practice the policies and procedures and carry them appro priately. In order to achieve Magnet status, the nurse manager needs to survey the patients and staff to identify and construct the areas of weakness that would improve the patient satisfaction. Some of the basic actions include financial stability by reducing the amount of waste, safeguarding medical reimbursement with patient satisfaction, and nursing practices that mirror decisions like bedside reporting, friendly patient care education, and timely rounding. The nursing leader is expected to provide assistant to the nurse manager in achieving goals by promoting smooth work flows through communication, and provide better understanding of their overall vision, and reasoning why these adjustments are necessary. The nursing leader can accomplish this by promoting trust and endeavouring mutual consent while managing issues (The difference between leadership and management, 2012). In comparison and contrast of the nursing managers and leader approaches there are few points to be considered. In ma nagement, the goals are carried out with the help of managers within the organisation. Whereas the leaders help to identify and develop new approaches to the issues emerging in the organisation. The managers work to fulfil the goals and continue to do, whereas the leaders undergo risks to challenge people and new ideas to break the chain (The difference between leadership and management, 2012). Frellick (2011) states that Magnet concept is created to facilitate and empower shared decision-making and accountability process. To achieve success in this concept, the healthcare facilities need to master in the regulations well known as the ‘Fourteen Forces of Magnetism’, it consists of the new levels in nursing management, encouraging strong participation, and place where nurses are recognised and are able to contribute to the top management. In addition, one more key to success if  the interdisciplinary relationships; it means the members of each department of healthcare are able to co-ordinate and work together; such as nurses, physicians, pharmacists and t herapists. Leadership aims on mutual consent of all team members and promotes respect and involvement of all departments, shared responsibilities and leadership style for actions. It is an necessary personal approach of the writer that personal involvement is the key for building working relationships between management and leadership professionals as they both promotes the organisational goals. If the nursing professionals have opinions and ideas that matters for the wellbeing of the patient satisfaction, then an extra effort to highlight the need is essential. Any new idea is difficult to execute without the commitment and facilitation of the managers and leaders and also among the other parties involved. Real efforts and success can be achieved by working together as a team, and aiming to contribute in a continuous methods in healthcare facilities for total patient satisfaction. References Frellick, M. (2011). A Path to Nursing Excellence. Hospitals Health Networks. Advance online publication. Retrieved from Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Magnet. (2013). Retrieved from Hawke, M. (2004, January). Magnet Status Attracts Mettle. Nursing Spectrum, 19-21. Retrieved from Huber, D. L. (2010). Leadership and Nursing Care Management (4th ed.). Retrieved from Miriam Hospital. (n.d.). Retrieved from The difference between leadership and management. (2012). Retrieved from

steinback :: essays research papers

Jesus is William Blake’s â€Å"The Lamb†? William Blake’s poem, â€Å"The Lamb" is broken into two stanzas. Both stanzas have ten lines each. In the first part, each line rhymes with the next. There are a total of five rhyming parts in the first stanza. In the second stanza â€Å"name† and â€Å"Lamb† do not rhyme, but the other lines have the rhyming endings. The first two and the last two lines of each stanza are either the same or close to being the same. This is almost like a chorus to a song. In the first stanza â€Å"The Lamb†, opens with "Little Lamb, who made thee?" A child is most likely the speaker and asks the lamb how it came to be. The speaker wants to know how the lamb chooses where it feeds. Next, the speaker asks where the lamb got its’ wool "clothing" and its’ "tender voice" from. In the next stanza, the speaker tries to answer his own question. The speaker tells us that the lamb was made by someone who is called â€Å"a Lamb". The creator is a lot like a lamb. He is seen as gentle and pure, just like the speaker, a child, and a lamb. The lamb most likely symbolizes Jesus Christ. Every time Blake uses the word â€Å" Lamb† it is in The traditional image of Jesus, in the Catholic church, is seen as a lamb. The Christian values of gentleness, purity, and kindness are not only in Jesus but, also a lamb. In lines 16 and 17 the word â€Å"child† is mentioned. Jesus could also be seen as a child. Jesus left His mother and father in search of knowledge, as all children do when they go to school. He also lived under the watch of God, His father, like all children do. Finally, most people have heard how Jesus was killed on the cross. That showed how Jesus was seen as vulnerable, much like every child.

Beautiful Boy Application Essay

He kept experimenting with more drugs and finally Crystal Meth. To be honest I think that he may have never developed the full capacity for formal reasoning. He also had a lot of different environmental and cultural influences that had a huge impact on him. Certain things would lead him towards the path of drugs, and he couldn’t reason to himself differently. â€Å"Now I am in my own program to recover from my addiction to [Nic’s addiction]† (p. 305). I feel like that is a good example of how â€Å"logical† his reasoning really is. 2. Apply the concepts of Erikson Theory to Nic’s Development. At age 4 Nic’s parents got divorced. That was during the Preschool stage, where the conflict is Initiative vs. Guilt. In this stage children need to begin asserting control and power over their environment. Nic was doing well in this stage and the school age stage as well. His grades well good, he had friends and was active and involved in sports. His father thought that Nic was coping well because he was doing so well in school and playing sports. â€Å"Nic was excelling in school and I could have been happier. (30) However related to Preschool stage – Nic was able to control his grades, and his activities therefore he was about to successfully show his power. However, at age 12 Nic’s father found pot in Nic’s back pack. This is the adolescence stage where the conflict is Identity vs. Role Confusion. This is where teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads t o an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self. Well Nic was not successful and true to himself because by the age 18 he had experimented with many other drugs and was on looking towards Crystal Meth. At this point, he has lost his true identity and is going off track. Going into his Young Adulthood he was already strong on Meth. He became more and more into the drug; everyday losing more of himself and hurting his family. The vicious cycle never seemed to end. 3. Apply Family Systems theory to the Sheff family. What concepts are evident in their interactions? â€Å"We are dysfunctional†¦I’m not sure if I know any ‘functional’ families, if functional means a family without difficult times and members who don’t have a full range of problems. (14) The Sheff family was dysfunctional, but also considering all the challenged and obstacles they went through with Nic that can cause a strain, which would certainly not result in normal functional family. And I would have to agree with David – I don’t know if I know any â€Å"functional families. † Nic certainly was the most difficult member in the family. Calls to the hospitals and long nights wondering if Nic was OK are things his dad became very familiar with. When Nic was on the street, his dad would drive around looking for him, hoping to find him and get him help. That would cause strain on any family. His father tried to instill family roles and family rules and boundaries; however Nic would always end up on his own path –Crystal Meth. The family roles were very unclear. Did anybody even really know the real Nic? (probably not) Also, there was really never any consistency in the family. I mean the father would try his best but things always would get off track when it came to Nic and Meth. What was consistent was the â€Å"typical behaviors† and â€Å"the way it is† that the family became accustom too. Nic’s lie, stealing, and using. To me it seemed like the family was slowly disconnecting. Families are systems of interconnected and interdependent individuals; none can be understood when isolated from the family. â€Å"(pp) 4. What characteristics of resilience do you see in Nic? * He valued learning and he had excelled at writing. * I believe that he did have positive relationships with caring adults when he was in the right state of mind. * He also d id have problem solving skills. â€Å"Now I am in my own program to recover from my addiction to [Nic’s addiction]† (p. 305). He did not always make the best choice but when not on meth he could. * He did like to help others – especially his family when he was on the right path.

Listening And Writing In Esol Planning And Teaching Education Essay

Talking, listening, reading and composing are considered to be reciprocally mutualist upon one another in linguistic communication acquisition. Although talking coherently and clearly is by and large recognised as the most of import end for 2nd linguistic communication ( L2 ) talkers, peculiarly ESOL talkers ( Murphy 1991:52 ) , competency in reading and composing finish a scholar ‘s proficiency in L2. Speaking and hearing may be described as the major accomplishment countries of interpersonal communicating ( Murphy 1991: 52 ) . Whether through synergistic or teacher-instruction, the hearing accomplishment will find how scholars develop eloquence and competency in the linguistic communication being learnt ( Nation and Newton 2009 ; Ellis 2003 ) . Listening is cardinal in linguistic communication acquisition because it non merely aids competency in speech production, but besides in reading. Ellis ( 2003 ) has noted that research workers and instructors have their ain purposes in prosecuting hearing as a linguistic communication accomplishment. For research workers, listening provides agencies for look intoing scholars ‘ ability to treat specific lingual characteristics ( Ellis 2003: 37 ) . In position of this, he suggests that focused undertakings can be devised by ‘seeding ‘ the input with the targeted characteristic and planing the undertaking in such a manner that the merchandise result can merely be achieved if the scholars are successful in treating the targeted characteristic. Therefore, listening undertakings provide an first-class agencies for mensurating whether scholars have acquired the characteristic in inquiry. On the other manus, listening accomplishments can be devised to ease the acquisition o f the targeted characteristic ( Ellis 2003: 37 ) . This essay discusses how the four linguistic communication accomplishments of hearing, reading, speech production and composing are mutualist in assisting a scholar achieve competency in larning English as a 2nd linguistic communication. As we already know, synergistic linguistic communication larning depends a batch on listening and talking accomplishments ( Ellis 2003 ) . However, a good balanced linguistic communication class which consists of four approximately equal strands of learning/instruction in the linguistic communication schoolroom ( Nation and Newton 2009 ) , known as meaning-focused input, meaning-focused end product, language-focused acquisition, and eloquence development, conveying out the common dependence of the four linguistic communication accomplishments. The four strands methodological analysis as described by Nation and Newton ( 2009:1 ) may be summarised as follows: larning though meaning-focused input, that is, larning through hearing and reading where the learners'attention is on the thoughts and messages conveyed by the linguistic communication larning through meaning-focused end product, that is, larning through speech production and composing where the learners'attention is on conveying thoughts and messages to another individual larning through deliberate attending to linguistic communication points and linguistic communication characteristics, that is, larning through direct vocabulary survey, grammar exercisings and account, through attending discourse characteristics and consider acquisition and pattern of linguistic communication acquisition and linguistic communication usage schemes, and larning through developing fluid usage of known linguistic communication points and characteristics over the four accomplishments of hearing, speech production, reading and composing Second linguistic communication acquisition shows that suitably focussed attending to linguistic communication points can do a really positive part to acquisition ( Doughty 2003 ; Doughty & A ; Williams, 1998 ; Ellis 2005 ) . A well-planned linguistic communication class has an appropriate balance of these four strands. Through these four strands the scholars achieve the learning ends of a linguistic communication class, viz. fluid control of sounds, spelling, vocabulary, grammar and discourse characteristics of linguistic communication, so that they can be used to pass on efficaciously. A justification of the four strands is the time-on-task rule, that is, learning-to-read by reading or learning-to-write by composing ( Nation & A ; Newton 2009:2 ) . The more clip one spends making something, the better they are likely to make it. Those who read a batch, for case, are better readers ( Cunningham & A ; Stanovich 1991 ) , and those who write a batch normally become better writes. The grounds for the four strands draws on a big and turning organic structure of research into the functions of input, end product and focussed direction on L2 acquisition and on development of speech production and reading eloquence ( Nation & A ; Newton 2009:3 ) .Meaning-focused input: acquisition through hearing and readingThe meaning-focused input strand involves larning through hearing and reading, that is utilizing linguistic communication receptively. It is called ‘meaning-focused ‘ because in all the work done in this strand, the scholars ‘ chief focal point and invol vement should be on understanding, and deriving cognition or enjoyment or both from what they listen to and read. Typical activities in this strand include extended reading, shared reading, listening to narratives, watching Television or movies, and being a hearer in a conversation ( see Hinkel 2006 ) .Meaning-focused end product larningMeaning-focused end product involves the scholars bring forthing linguistic communication through speech production and composing were the scholars ‘ focal point is on others understanding the message ( Nation & A ; Newton 2009 ) . It occurs when scholars write essays, and assignments, when they write letters, dairies, direct electronic mail and text messages to each other and when they write about their experience. As spelling is peculiarly of import in authorship, holding to compose can do scholars cognizant of the spreads in their spelling cognition ( Nation 2009:18 ) . Writing activities that can assist with spelling are copying, delayed copying, read and compose from memory, command, the assorted signifiers of guided authorship, composing with the aid of a dictionary and free authorship.Language-focused acquisitionLanguage-focused acquisition has many names ; concentrate on signifier, form-focused direction, deliberate survey and consider instruction or acquisition as opposed to acquisition, or knowing acquisition ( Nation & A ; Newton 2009:7 ) . It involves calculated acquisition of linguistic communication characteristics such as pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary, grammar and discourse. A assortment of activities may be used, such as pronunciation pattern, utilizing permutation tabular arraies and drills, larning vocabulary from word cards and intensive reading. Other activities may be interlingual rendition, memorizing duologues an acquiring feedback about authorship. There are legion techniques for giving calculated attending to spelling, for illustration. . The critical factor is doing certain that there is an appropriate balance of each of the four strands so that there is some calculated attending to spelling but this attending does non go inordinate. Deliberate attending can include a figure of activities such as screen and recover, utilizing analogies, utilizing word parts, articulating the word the manner it is spelled and visualizing. There is need to look at each of these techniques:Cover and RetrieveThe scholar writes a list of hard to spell words down the left-hand side of the page ( state 2009:19 ) . The first missive or two of each word is written following to it, for illustration: yacht Y happening O The words are studied and so covered and each word is written from memory utilizing the first missive hint. The first missive is written once more so that the activity can be repeated. yacht yacht YUsing analogiesWorking with the instructor or in little groups, the scholars think of known words that portion similar spelling characteristics to words that they have trouble in spelling. For illustration, if larning to spell ‘apply ‘ , the scholars think of the known words ‘reply ‘ , ‘supply ‘ which are words with similar spelling characteristics and sound ( Nation 2009:19 ) .Using word partsWord parts may be helpful in pulling attending to word constructing units. This may be peculiarly utile with progress scholars. For illustration, the word ‘separate ‘ contains the root ‘par ‘ which is besides in ‘part ‘ . Therefore, the spelling is ‘separate ‘ non ‘seperate ‘ .Pronouncing the word the manner it is spelledTeaching spelling is one of the great challenges of linguistic communication instruction. As a guideline, Nation ( 2009 ) encourages that students may be encouraged to i ntentionally misspeak a word like ‘yacht ‘ /yaect/ as a sort of mnemonic for spelling. Learners may besides be encouraged to look at a word, close their eyes and seek to ‘see ‘ the spelling of the word in their head. This is what is called ‘visualising ‘ a word.The instance for incorporating linguistic communication acquisition accomplishmentsAlthough a big figure of traditional methods of linguistic communication larning continue to be utile, current surveies encourage incorporating linguistic communication accomplishments in the linguistic communication schoolroom. For case, learning reading can be easy tied to instruction on authorship and vocabulary, and unwritten accomplishments lend themselves to learning pronunciation, listening and cross-cultural linguistic communication interaction ( Hinkel 2001 ; Lazaraton 2001 ; McCarthy & A ; O'keeffe 2004 ) . Task-based instruction of L2 accomplishments has built-in chances for more accurate and complex utilizations of linguistic communication ( Ellis 2003 ) . For illustration, narrations and description undertakings in fluency-focused instruction, arguments and problem-solving undertakings promote increased grammatical and lexical complexness in learner linguistic communication. Through these undertakings a significant betterment in the sum of spoken discourse and in grammatical, lexical and articulative competency is enhanced. English linguistic communication has become more internationalised, and hence, instruction of accomplishments such as pronunciation has shifted from aiming native-like speech patterns to aiming intelligibility ( Tarone 2005 ) . In this respect, instruction has to turn to issues of segmental lucidity, that is, the articulation of specific sounds, word emphasis and inflection and the length and timing of intermissions. The current attack to learning pronunciation is by and large based on three principled standards. First, pronunciation and modulation are taught in context and in concurrence with specific accomplishments. Second, direction in pronunciation serves broader communicative intents, and eventually but non least, the instruction of pronunciation and modulation is based on realistic instead than idealistic linguistic communication theoretical accounts ( Chun 2002 ) . The 1980s saw a displacement from the position of L2 listening every bit preponderantly lingual to a schema-based position, and listening teaching method moved off from its focal point on the lingual to the activation of scholars ‘ top-down cognition ( Hinkel 2006:9 ) . Emphasis now, is on the incorporate instruction of listening for communicating and in concurrence with other L2 accomplishments such as speech production, socio-pragmatics, grammar and vocabulary. The lingual and schema-driven strands of learning listening have found a niche in current incorporate attacks, such as task-based or content-based direction ( Snow 2005 ) . The design of listening pattern, for case, can integrate a figure of characteristics that make the development of L2 listening abilities relevant and realistic. Listen-and-do undertakings, for illustration, stand for a flexible beginning of listening input for get downing o intermediate scholars. The content of undertakings can be easy controlled in respect to their lingual and conventional variables, such as frequent happenings of mark syntactic and lexical constructions in the context of meaning-focused undertaking ( Ellis 2003 ) . This is done in countries of grammar buildings, words and phrases or colloquial expressions.Recent research has shed a great trade O visible radiation on the procedures and acquisition of L2 reading. As in hearing, L2 reading involves both top-down and bottom-up cognitive processing. Eskey ( 1988:95 ) suggests that the strongly top-down prejudice neglected scholars weak Aress of lingual processing. the bottom-up processing of reading involves a wide array of distinguishable subskills, such as word acknowledgment, spelling and phonological processing, morpho syntactic parsing and lexical acknowledgment ( Eskey 2005 ) . The reader needs to garner ocular information from the written text, place the significance of words, and so travel frontward to the processing of the construction and significance of lager syntactic units, such as phrases or sentences. Ocular processing of words and letters represents a cognitively complex undertaking ( Koda 1999 ; Chikmatsu 1996 ; Shimron & A ; Savon 1994 ) . Readers whose L1 writing systems are markedly diffrent from the that of L2 may be slowed down in their reading procedure by the demand to achieve fluid L2 word acknowledgment before geting text-processing accomplishments. The findings of L2 reading research on the cardinal function of bottom-up processing, word acknowledgment eloquence, and the acknowledgment of the morphophonemic construct ion of words and phrases have led to substantial displacements in reading and literacy direction to immature and big L2 scholars likewise. As an illustration, in 1999, the National Literacy Strategy in the UK introduced work on phonics, word acknowledgment, and in writing cognition primo to sentence and text degrees of direction ( Hinkel 2006:13 ) . In teacher instruction, current methodological analysis text editions reflect the alteration in positions on learning L2 reading, literacy and authorship. Most influential L2 instruction and larning publications have seen the demand to include at least a chapter on the instruction of bottom-up reading accomplishments normally followed by direction in top-down and strategic reading ( Celce-Murcia 2001 ; Carter & A ; Nunan 2001 ; Mckay 1993 ; Nunan 1999, 2003 ; Wallace 1993 ) .

Free Essays on Blow to Psyce

One person has died after anthrax exposure, compared to more than 5,300 who perished in the hijacking attacks on New York and Washington. But whoever is behind the recent anthrax scares - and there is no known connection with the Sept. 11 attacks - is inducing confusion and psychological distress - a good definition of terrorism. In an ABCNEWS poll released Tuesday, 65 percent said they were worried about the anthrax situation, with a third saying they were worried a "great deal." And 54 percent said they were worried that they or a loved one might become infected. In waging psychological warfare, the bioterrorists are manipulating our fears by posing risks of unknown and potentially deadly consequences to a large population of Americans, even if the actual casualties are limited in number, says Stephen Cimbala, a terror expert and Penn State political scientist. "People are led to expect that disaster may strike randomly and regardless of their ability to prevent it or prepare for it," he said. "Creating this expectation of random vulnerability is the necessary condition for widespread hysteria." Also necessary for widespread panic is making the privileged feel as vulnerable as the lower rungs of society, Cimbala said. The pattern of anthrax incidents thus far meets these requirements. At some of the nation's most prominent news organizations, critical in setting the national tone, journalists are on edge with anthrax spores found in their offices and infecting at least four of their colleagues. And the nation's business has been disrupted to the highest levels, with the U.S. House of Representatives closing down for several days. The chairman of the congressional subcommittee that has studied anthrax for years acknowledges that terrorists appear to be winning another battle here, even if the results are not catastrophic. "This anthrax is not such a dramatic advance that we are in real danger yet," Rep. Christopher ... Free Essays on Blow to Psyce Free Essays on Blow to Psyce One person has died after anthrax exposure, compared to more than 5,300 who perished in the hijacking attacks on New York and Washington. But whoever is behind the recent anthrax scares - and there is no known connection with the Sept. 11 attacks - is inducing confusion and psychological distress - a good definition of terrorism. In an ABCNEWS poll released Tuesday, 65 percent said they were worried about the anthrax situation, with a third saying they were worried a "great deal." And 54 percent said they were worried that they or a loved one might become infected. In waging psychological warfare, the bioterrorists are manipulating our fears by posing risks of unknown and potentially deadly consequences to a large population of Americans, even if the actual casualties are limited in number, says Stephen Cimbala, a terror expert and Penn State political scientist. "People are led to expect that disaster may strike randomly and regardless of their ability to prevent it or prepare for it," he said. "Creating this expectation of random vulnerability is the necessary condition for widespread hysteria." Also necessary for widespread panic is making the privileged feel as vulnerable as the lower rungs of society, Cimbala said. The pattern of anthrax incidents thus far meets these requirements. At some of the nation's most prominent news organizations, critical in setting the national tone, journalists are on edge with anthrax spores found in their offices and infecting at least four of their colleagues. And the nation's business has been disrupted to the highest levels, with the U.S. House of Representatives closing down for several days. The chairman of the congressional subcommittee that has studied anthrax for years acknowledges that terrorists appear to be winning another battle here, even if the results are not catastrophic. "This anthrax is not such a dramatic advance that we are in real danger yet," Rep. Christopher ...

Learning Through Travel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Learning Through Travel - Essay Example Somehow, by the teens, a lot of people lose this valuable attribute. I feel that traveling is a great way to reawaken that dormant hunger for knowledge. When people think of traveling they usually think of vacationing and relaxing. However, traveling should be more than just a chance to ‘get away from it all.’ Traveling has the potential to be a transformative experience that deepens us as human beings. The wise traveler will not only have fun, he will seek ways to use his traveling experience to broaden and improve himself as a person and use the world as a classroom. If a travel book can change the very course of history, then there must be something very powerful about taking a journey to different places. I speak of one of the most important books every written; The Travels of Marco Polo. Polo’s book is credited with helping to spark the interest in the Far East which eventually set Columbus on his own voyage and led to the epochal Age of Discovery. In our own ‘voyages of discovery,’ I agree that three goals that every traveler might want to consider as they set out are; engaged citizenship, personal growth and cultural diversity. Everyone is a citizen of a country but not everyone is takes advantage of the fact. â€Å"In a democracy, citizenship is an aspect of stewardship,† as writer and commentator Jane Chastain puts it. Engaged citizenship means that a person appreciates and understands their role as a citizen and acts on it. This means being engaged and involved in the world around us. This is not limited to voting for a new chief executive every 4 years. We are connected to community at many levels; national, state, country, municipal and our neighborhoods. Many of us complain about improvements needed in our communities or nation, but do we do anything about it? Unfortunately, most people are too busy to be involved. Or it could be lack of knowledge as to how be involved? I found in my travels that even in coun tries with less freedom than we have, one can still be very involved in the cultural life of a nation or local community. The experiences I gained from travel had the potential to cause personal growth, but only if I allowed them to. The trick was to be sensitive to opportunities for growth, to have a hunger for knowledge and to allow my experiences to take me in new directions. To learn from your mistakes is a common lesson we are all admonished for. Each day offers opportunities to grow, whether we take full advantage of them is another matter. As John Steinbeck said in Travels with Charley, â€Å"A Journey is a person in itself; no two are alike. And all plans, safeguards, policing, and coercion are fruitless. We find after years of struggle that we do not take a trip; a trip takes us.† The Africans have a saying, â€Å"What is near is dear.† This is very true. However, the ability to encounter other cultures and to appreciate them is also important. Treasures aboun d throughout the world waiting to be discovered. Each culture claims unique characteristics and distinctly local flavors. And yet as a discerning traveler I discovered common traits as well, such as universal human needs and social constructs to meet them. But although each culture has similar needs and wants, different cultures have often developed fascinatingly unique ways of meeting them. Relating this to engaged citizenship, as an appreciative traveler, I, by my understanding and appreciation of other cultures,

SUDAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SUDAN - Essay Example While rainfall is rare in the north, the southern region gets rainfall in plenty. The country also has a variety of wildlife that includes hippopotamus, crocodiles, elephants, birds and reptiles. The capital city is Khartoum and along with Khartoum North and Omdurman, they form the urban center. The government and commerce are centered in Khartoum, and Omdurman is the official capital of Sudan. North Khartoum harbors a majority of the industries in Sudan. With a population of 33.5 million, about 52 % of the population is black, 39 % are Arab, 6 % are Beja, 2 % foreign and the remaining 1 % are from other ethnic populations (Culture of Sudan; About the Republic of Sudan). Sudan also has about 597 tribes in which more than 400 different languages and dialects are spoken (About the Republic of Sudan). The average growth rate is at 3% and there is also a steady migration of people from rural to urban areas. Arabic is the official language which is spoken by a majority of the population, apart from which there are nearly 100 different languages which are spoken by the indigenous populations. English is taught as a foreign language at schools. The Sudanese government is an authoritarian government in which all the powers are vested on the President and the ruling National Congress Party (NCP). The current President Omar-al-Bashir ousted the political government lead by the Prime Minister in 1989 and transformed Sudan into an Islamic authoritarian state through the creation of the National Islamic Front (NIF) which is the most powerful political organization in Sudan. Following an internal civil war the southern region of Sudan has been granted autonomy with the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) as the most important political organization (Culture of Sudan; About the Republic of Sudan). The most widely practiced religion is Islam with nearly 70 % of the population being Sunni Muslims. While 25% follow indigenous beliefs